Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Impacts of Video Game

A video game is an electronic game that involves human interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device (Wikipedia, 2011). With many types of games, there are many different effects that affect our life and most of them are bad. The first and also the most dangerous problem is violence. According to Dr. Craig Anderson (2003), violent video games may have even stronger effects on children's aggression for many reasons. He says that video games are highly interactive and engaging.In the other hand, many games reward for violent behaviors and because children repeat these behaviors again and again, they become more violent (Craig Anderson, 2003). Share the same idea with Anderson, Barlett (2009) describes five negative effects of video games and violence is the most dangerous effect. Violent video games is causally related to aggressive thoughts, physiological arousal, aggressive behavior, and antisocial behavior, as a result, children become more violent and they can’t control their action.Besides, there is a strong connection between violent video games and narcissism. Highly narcissistic individuals may act more violent after playing violent video games (Barlett, 2009). It seems like almost attacks are directed to the violent video game but there are some different opinions. One study by University of Rochester (N. Y. ) researchers Daphne Bavelier and C. Shawn Green(2010) on the first-person shooter game â€Å"Unreal Tournament† found that players improved perceptual and attention skills by playing that game.It gives player some highly mental skills like problem solving, logic, quick thinking, making fast analysis and decisions. They found that playing pro-social games led to more subsequent â€Å"helping† behavior in users (Daphne Bavelier, 2010). These researchers’ opinions may right but this problem doesn’t stop there. The author of the research â€Å"The good and the bad effects of video gam es† (raisesmartkid. com, 2010) points out that the effects of video games on children is worsened by the games interactive nature. Children are rewarded for being more violent.In some other ways, violent video games affect our social life. We may spend less time in other activities such as doing homework, sports and interacting with the family and friends (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). â€Å"GTA series† is the best example for this problem. In this game, we can do everything we want like stole a car or kill people. Although many people agree with this opinion, we cannot deny the beneficial side of it. â€Å"For the U. S military, video games get serious† (Albert Rizzo, 2011). 2. 1. 2 Affect our health. The second problem is our health.Video games affect not only our behavior, feeling but also our body. According to Dr. Mohamed K. Khan (2006), in Great Britain, those between the ages of 7 and 19 were associated with a 1. 1 per 100,000 risks for experiencing a light-i nduced seizure. However, those in the same age range who played video games experienced a 1. 5 per 100,000 risk. Dr. Khan also finds out that video games affect our movement. Our muscles become smaller because when we play video game, our body doesn’t need to work, as a result, our body become weaker than the normal person (Mohamed K.Khan, 2006). 2. 1. 3 Become addicted. The last problem is video game addiction. With many bad effects, why game still becomes an addiction and make us spend all day for it? Dr. Charles Ungerleider (2007) explains that â€Å"they're very compelling with increasing complexity, so a child becomes more facile, yet wants to know more and apply new skills. † While wanting to improve their game isn't a problem in itself, it becomes one if video games are â€Å"taking a youngster away too much from other activities,† says Ungerleider. (Dr. Charles Ungerleider, 2007).According to the author of the research â€Å"The good and the bad effects of video games† (raisesmartkid. com, 2010), video games addiction will affect our social life. We spend all day to play video games and it will destroy our social skill (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). 2. 2 Solutions. 2. 2. 1 Buyers check the game carefully. According to the author of the research â€Å"The good and bad effects of video games†, Buyers should check the game carefully. Every video game has the Rating and buyers should check it before buying that game.The government divides video games into 6 levels, and each level suitable for each group of age. We also need to note the title and the cover picture. The reviews of the game are important and because of that reason, we should search for the game in the internet before decide to buy it. Some websites will give score of the game so choose prestigious websites. The information from these websites is very useful. It will give the buyer the day that the game is released or the type of that game.Buyer can watch the ga me review or play the demo of the game and it will give the buyer some experiences before decide to buy that game (raisesmartkid. com, 2010). 2. 2. 2 Players do more exercise to improve your help. Because of the bad effect of video games on our health, we should do more exercises to train our body. 1 hour per day for morning exercise will make our muscles stronger. In addition, some leisure activities like swimming, walking, fishing also well for your health (Pietro Galassetti and the other researchers, 2001). 2. 2. Players need family power. According to Los Angeles-based psychotherapist Robert Butterworth (2010) ,dysfunctional parenting, children with little guilt, and accessibility to firearms with little parental supervision can create violent children. â€Å"Most children who commit violent crime show an early combination of personality and family factors that include having trouble getting along with playmates in preschool,† ( Robert Butterworth , 2010). Therefore, pare nt should limit the amount of time their children play video games or set a password for their computer.According to the author of the research â€Å"Create a strong password†, the password should have eight characters or more and try to put more uncommon characters. However, some children can break the password easily because they have some hacking skill. Because of that reason, parent should learn some way to power up your password. There are four steps that will make your password stronger. Step one is use a full sentence. After that, parent should remove all the spaces between the words. Next step is turning words into shorthand.And finally, you should put some numbers that meaningful to you (Microsoft. om, 2011). If you think the password can’t stop your children from playing video game, you should use some software to lock the computer. In the other hand, parent should give their children a variety entertaining things to learn from, so they will be addicted to vi deo games. Children should join the other leisure activities like soccer, fishing, and swimming. If you think your children addict to play video games, you should send them to some Game Quitting Programs. Tran Nguyen (2009), reporter of Viet Nam news, says that these programs will focus on maintaining and enhancing feelings.Most of the students of these programs had quit video games while the others had moderated the time they spent playing (Tran Nguyen, 2009). 3. Conclusion The findings reveal that Video games have many bad effects. These effects affect not only our behavior but also our health. Video games become an addiction, a national issue. However, we still can avoid these bad effects with some solutions like game checking system, morning exercises and parent s’ responsibility. With these solutions, we can control the problem and make it become a powerful tool for everybody around the world.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Theo 104

Ivory Russell April 15, 2012 Theo 104 It seems as though in today’s age and time that Satan’s existence is more real and prevalent not only among society, but among Christians, as well. But, it isn’t the talk of Satan that is alarming so much as the type of attention and talk that he is receiving. Our modern day society has transformed him from being the evil, factual being that we know him as into a sinister, more humors fictional character used to make ‘great’ movies and entertainment. Producers are making a living out of Satan’s character.One of the most well known movies depicting this is Little Nicky. It depicts Satan preparing to retire from ruling Hell and trying to decide which of his three sons will take over the throne. But, when Satan decides to go ahead and keep the throne two of his children leave Hell to create their own version of Hell on earth; landing in New York City these two brother possess the political leaders of the city , freeze the gates of Hell to keep souls from going to their father, and create chaos among the mortals if New York.The movie ends with Satan’s youngest son, Nicky, saving the day, and defeating his brothers so that all of the souls, once again, can return to Satan himself. This movie is considered a comedy and opened at #2 in the North American box office. As disturbing as the film industry’s portrayal of Satan may be, it isn’t too surprising to me. What I find to be surprising, but even more so frightening, is the fact that ‘Christians’ are falling into this same trap. There are a few Christians who will speak out against such media and portrayal, but the majority will sit silently amongst themselves and simply just ‘not watch such things. But even still, there are Christians who actually believe Satan to be fictitious. In 2009, Barna done a survey indicating that 6 out of 10 Christians believe Satan to be a symbol of evil rather than a livi ng being. That is 6 out of 10 too many! But, what is the real nature of Satan? Is he really just a symbol of evil and a fictitious being? Do today’s society and film producers know something that we, as Christians, do not? The Bible says, ‘How are thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! How are thou cut down to the ground, who didst weaken the nations! Isaiah 14:12 God’s word very clearly identifies Satan as being a real being. Not a fictitious character, but rather a real, living being capable of speaking and deceiving. Satan was originally in Heaven, created as an angel. He was living with God, until pride entered into his heart and he schemed to become like God. ‘I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. ’ Isaiah 14:14 Because of the sin of pride, and because there is no room for sin in Heaven, he was kicked out along with those who followed and rebelled with him. Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit. ’ Isaiah 14:15 Surely, if Satan were fictitious God would not have described him as a real being capable of making real decisions resulting in real consequences. Satan is not only an ‘angel gone bad,’ but a being capable of knowing, learning, deceiving, and twisting the word of God. Though evil, he is intelligent. This is supported through his ability to memorize Scripture, and twist it to what he wants it to mean.He was even able to use his knowledge of God to tempt Eve in the Garden. ‘†¦And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?†¦ God hath said, ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it. And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die:’ Genesis 3:1-4 Satan not only is capable of knowing what God’s word says, but is capable and will do all that he can to twist it and lead you astray. Satan is an imitator of God. His desire to be a s God is what caused him to be kicked out of Heaven.Though Satan has failed in his efforts to be like God, and though he knows he will never win against God, he still tries. You can look all around the world today and see evidence of Satan’s imitations. Men have allowed themselves to be open to such duplications that they no longer see them as Satanic or evil, but as a religion of their own. In Satan’s quest to be like God he has influenced men to the point that they have constructed their own church for him and mocked the Christian bible with their very own Satanic ‘bible. ’ Satan has even produced his own versions of prophets.But, unlike God’s prophets, these ‘prophets’ will create confusion among people, teach them false doctrines, and bring them false hopes. ‘But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that brought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction. And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of. ’ 2 Peter 2:1-2 The Bible so unmistakably reveals Satan as a true being. Satan is real just as Christ, Himself, is real.He not only is the symbol if all things evil, but is the author of all things evil. But, if Satan is real why are Christians having so many doubts of his existence? And, if Satan is evil why are producers portraying him as something so completely different? The answers to these questions lay in the fact that Satan has done what he does best†¦deceive! ‘Be sober, be vigilant; because yours adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour. 1 Peter 5:8 By deceiving the nations, Satan is trying his best to defeat God.Satan thinks that by creating false doctrines and providing artificial ‘salvation’ he is keeping souls from coming to Christ. And though his deception is keeping souls from coming to Christ he is still the one who is defeated. The fact that the media is trying to portray Satan as something not to be feared, and the fact that so many Christians are being deceived, believers in Christ should be taking a stand; a stand against Satan and a stand against false doctrines. Because, ‘apart from total dependence upon God, we cannot win the victory over the devil. ’

Ethics on Walt Disney

According to an article from The New York Times, on May 9, 2012 The Walt Disney Company’s profits had grown up to 21% at Disney’s Cable TV gains and a surge in Resorts Business. Thanks to climbing ad sales and subscription fees at ESPN, another cable channel like ABCfamily has also helped the Walt Disney Company. Its quarterly profit 21% To $1. 14 billion dollars. The article started off by stating that Disney’s financial reported a Growth on retail sales report. In addition an operating income at Walt Disney Company Park and Resorts Surged 53% to $222 million dollars.A reason for this division growth was that they had high spenders. Which meant they wasted money on Disney’s products and not only that but there attendance increased on almost all there resorts worldwide. Just like in Tokyo an increase in spending up to 5%. This is ethical, because it shows that the resorts must be doing well that means people are going and spending their money even with thi s recession. Besides this there is an issue that Disney’s studios faced after filming the movie John Carter but they had a solution. After they had lost money from that movie they also had losses from media networks.Because As the result that they were working on their interactive media. Aside from their losses, Disney reported earnings per share of 58 cents for the quarter. Up to 18% from 49 cents a year earlier. Not only had that but Analyst expected Earnings per share of 56 cents. In the other hand there was revenue 6% to $9. 6 billion. This shows that it was am improvement for Walt Disney they do there accountings in an Ethical manner. Another good ethics of Walt Disney is there television portfolio, since they have a variety of studios.They manage different channels like sports and family channels that helps them set apart from there competition. ESPN is by the largest contributor to Disney’s overall probability. â€Å"Quite well positioned to remain the pre-emin ent sports brand,† said Disney Chairman Robert I. Iger. This statement shows that ESPN is doing a good job as it should and shows that not only that. But ESPN is still growing with their subscribers and fees. Lastly in the article, it states that since the release of the movie Marvel Inc. The movie has recorded the biggest opening. â€Å"It’s a great illustration of why we like Marvel Inc. o much. † Said Mr. Iger. In my opinion I think the Walt Disney Company is very successful. They have been around the business for quite a while. Not only that but they made products and films that are worth value. Great film from back in the days and still going on now. The Walt Disney Company hires employees and trains them to their best ability which not many companies do. They require safety and have their business standards set well. Just how their profits have increased. That’s shows their doing a well ethical job. They may not be perfect but they sure have accounti ng set well in their business.Because the fact that if they didn’t Walt Disney would be as well-known. Their resorts wouldn’t be considered one of the happiest places on earth. This Article states the ethical manner that Walt Disney has done yet they had issues but still they overcome them just like how ethical companies should. The Walt Disney Company hasn’t been affected in a huge drastic way that other companies have been affected. But yet I think that is example that an ethical company leads and that is Walt Disney. REFERENCE http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9C01EFD9133AF93AA35756C0A9649D8B63&ref=brooksbarnes

Monday, July 29, 2019

EMBA 530 initial post week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EMBA 530 initial post week 9 - Essay Example One important factor is the use of participative decision making involving all the family members led by the senior members – i.e., the parents in a nuclear unit. This means that family meetings are held on most vital matters, and there is a generally liberal attitude in these collaborations. This factor was linked specifically to the longevity and success of the business (Fahed-Sreih & Djoundourian, 2006). A second important factor in successful family businesses is a resistance to institutionalization (Ayranci, 2010). This does not mean opposition to professionalism, because many of these firms are succeeded by younger family members who have obtained MBAs and formal training. What the family business resists is the formalization of procedures which many call bureaucracy. Family members prefer to maintain a level of informality where they could talk to each other simply and directly despite the difference in their position in the hierarchy. A third factor is ownership preferences, pertaining specifically to higher degrees of ownership concentration in successful family businesses (Hoopes & Miller, 2006). As mentioned earlier, the family business is not necessarily one which is wholly owned by one family; in some cases, those organizations referred to as family business may simply be majority-owned, and some not. Successful family businesses, however, have a higher concentration of ownership held within the family, and the more the ownership is held by family members, the more focused the firm’s strategy is and the more successful it becomes. The fourth important factor is the family’s commitment to change (Davis, 1983). In this rather dated article, a timeless observation was made that family businesses tended to be of two types – those which placed an emphasis on the way things had been done in the family business for decades and would not want to change them, and those which are keen on the changes

Sunday, July 28, 2019

VARK Questionaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

VARK Questionaire - Assignment Example Training would include putting concepts into various illustration formats so that the individual could see a pictorial representation of the subject matter. In opposite accord, the aural learner would best be assisted in comprehension by putting training material into the form of a lecture or using CD-ROM technology with auditory discussion of subject matter. This would allow the aural learner to focus more intently on the concept or lecture. For those with read/write as their preferred style, the training should include textbooks, notes and other various hand-outs that describe the learning concepts. This type of learner would benefit from having subject outlines written or certain lecture notes that have been properly paraphrased and put into documentation (Murphy, et al.). The kinesthetic learner prefers a more hands-on approach, a form of experiential learning. This is a learn-by-doing approach which could involve role playing in groups or developing hands-on science projects and experimentation to come up with a concept solution (Pashler, et al., 2009). make up only a marginal percentage of the national population (studyingstyle.com, n.d.). Establishing tactile learning without a multi-modal approach might only satisfy a small portion of the learning classroom based on this research data. Secondly, some learners, like this student with dual learning styles, might benefit from a multi-modal approach that blends visual with read/write aspects. This would likely be a better training method when the learning takes place in a group with a high population of learners trying to comprehend the same training concepts, such as a business organization. Many individuals maintain multi-modal learning talents and this should be recognized to ensure that a program maintains elements for multi-modal learners. This might require the trainer to have a competent background in dual learning approaches, or conducting pre-testing in the large classroom, to

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Desktop Computing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Desktop Computing - Assignment Example It also helps the smooth running of software like 3D Max and Maya extensively used for animation and modeling. Jean Jones needs to upgrade her OS from Windows XP Service Pack 2 to Win XP x64. Many might suggest Vista as a good alternative, however past records show that Vista slows Max viewport speed by a huge amount. The primary reason behind this is that Win XP takes less memory to run when Vista on the other hand takes up a lot more. Here comes the second parameter that is whether to consider 32 bit or 64 bit OS. The reason why 64 bit Win XP is being recommended to Jean Jones is that it will let her use a minimum 4GB of RAM. The basic components to look for while buying a PC for processing intensive activities are the processor, motherboard, RAM, graphics card and hard disk. For any PC to be fast, it should have a perfect combination of all these 4 components. In an unbalanced combination where one or more components are slower than the rest, then the slower components act as bottlenecks in the system, and the overall processing speed is determined by the slowest component. Hence, while identifying the configuration, it is imperative that all components are matching and high performance components. High performance components are higher priced, and hence they increase the overall cost of the PC. Given that there cannot be any compromise on performance, a high end PC can be made relatively inexpensive by cutting down on the peripheral costs. For example, by using low end casing/cabinets, speakers and data output devices like DVD combo packages, the overall prices can be kept with relatively lower budget. A processor is the 'brain' of the PC, and given other components are same, a PC with faster processor will perform faster. A quadcore, 64 bit processor, coupled with a suitably fast motherboard and 4 GB 800 MHz RAM will have sufficient computing speed to seamlessly execute the heaviest designing applications. (Ciao Shopping Intelligence, 2007A) While quad core processors give enormous processing speed, they are also highly expensive. Commercially available computers generally tend have

Friday, July 26, 2019

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Education - Essay Example therefore carry out effective changes that will ensure that the education system in the country is commensurate to the improving lifestyle in the country† (Jeff 02). This way, the two reports raise myriad factors that shape the nature of education and the trends in the rising demand. Additionally, they analyze some of the education acts formulated by past regimes in the country with the effects of such policies. The increase in the population of the country coupled with the improving economy has consequently resulted in an improving lifestyle for the citizenry thereby instigating a change in the demand for educational services in the country. Such trend implies that schools, colleges and universities in the country must carry out extensive changes in their structures in order to accommodate the increasing demand for the services in the country. On the need for general education introduces an important concept in the sector as it seeks to investigate the essence of general education in the country. The economic and technological state of the society currently requires a particular degree of enlighten for the populace to survive. This refers to a type of education that every individual in the country requires in order to survive in the American society. As a basic education, the article analyses features of the demand thereby information the formation and management of such education. Just as the name suggests, general education targets the population indiscriminate of their backgrounds. Such are basic education possibly up to the high school level. At such levels, the learners obtain adequate interpersonal and communication skills that can enable them make a living in the society. However, just as the name suggests the demand is likely to be high for such education in the country owing to the rising population. The government must therefore consider intricate features of the education in order to ensure that the quality of the education is not only attainable

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Appraising the Research Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Appraising the Research Evidence - Essay Example Rapid Risk Assessment in Acute Hospital for Patients with Intellectual Disabilities Background to the Study Nurses that work with patients with intellectual disabilities are faced with various challenges. For instance, they are required to use evidence based practice while treating their patients. However, there is not adequate and clear research regarding evidence based practices for safety available to nurses. This brings up debates regarding practices that will ensure safety and quality care for people with intellectual disabilities. Nurses are required to check out current evidence based interventions that are suitable for treating these patients. Calls have also been made against using unfounded and pseudoscientific interventions to treat these patients. There is increased pressure on nurses to ensure their practices are based on sound evidence. Evidence based practice has gained influence as an approach to clinical decision making. As health care becomes more and more evidence based, nurses are required to be aware of the skills, resources and principles needed for evidence based practices (Kline et al., 2011). There are doubts regarding just how effective and applicable the results of evidence based treatments are to the general clinical application. Nurses continue to handle patients with complex life experiences and also those that have very severe intellectual disabilities. These stressful circumstances will undermine participation of treatment and can ultimately contribute to non-adherence to available treatment options (Read and Johnson, 2012). Advances in medical care ensure that life expectancy of individuals with intellectual disabilities approaches that of quite normal and healthy people. Severe intellectual disabilities are mostly accompanied by other medical conditions and physical disabilities. Health care needs of people with intellectual disabilities should, therefore, be met by mainstream health services. Highly skilled nurses are also req uired to work with these patients as they have a high intensity of health care support needs. Research conducted into this group of patients revealed some areas of concern. These areas include inadequate patient assessment as well as inadequate communication between nurse and patient. It is essential for nurses and patients to communicate effectively as this will help them understand their health needs and they will be able to prevent frequent admissions to hospital. Delivery of quality health care relies upon a series of interaction between a patient and clinician (Hart, 2010). Interaction will assist the clinician to make an accurate diagnosis and provide suitable treatment option. Each acute health care facility is required to conduct a proactive risk assessment using risk assessment tools. This provides avenues for identifying, reducing and prioritizing risks associated with patient safety. This enables clinicians to choose appropriate treatment options, therefore, reducing the chances of developing undesirable outcomes in patients. Health care is a high risk industry that is prone to serious errors. However, clinicians, through evidence based research, can reduce the chances of making medical errors. Commonly cited barriers to use of evidence based practices by clinicians include information overload, limited time, lack of research evidence as well as lack of skills

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Homeless Veterans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeless Veterans - Essay Example To save the veteran homelessness, everybody has to join hands. Being in the army is no easy job, and everybody of us knows the implications of such a dangerous profession. Dealing with stressful situations on the battle field and experiencing one of the worst kinds of human slaughter, the thought of war brings with it grisly images for the veterans even when they have returned home. Almost every one of the army men faces extreme depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) once their numbness begins to lift. For some war veterans it has even taken a decade before the effects of the war have emerged plunging them into complete darkness. This is helped by little or no support from the government which even though has made independent organizations such as the U.S. Department of the Veteran Affairs (VA) but no real improvements can be observed on ground. This fact is further supported by the figures given by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development that on a single n ight in the United States at least 62,619 war veterans are homeless and living on streets or in shelters (National Coalition for Homeless Veterans). Another 1.4 million veterans are suspected on the verge of homelessness due to various reasons. Is that how we return our services to people who had once served us? If the issue of fixing homelessness for war veterans is not treated as a grave emergency, things can be safely assumed as getting out of control. Though the VA argues on successfully providing shelter, medication and other services to the war veterans, which is even true to some extent, but the number of veterans still homeless indicates huge loopholes. Once the US troops in Afghanistan start returning home, will they as well be welcomed by similar homelessness? Taken the fact that the VA could not get the 62,619 war veterans off the road, little hope can we have for the 63,000 troops. The matter to address veteran homelessness is also barred by political circumstances. Some of the confidential Pentagon reports have suggested that the United States has no intention of evacuating all of its troops from Afghanistan as soon as 2014; it intends to stay much longer. However, even if we expect a fourth section of soldiers from our army, they easily exceed the number that is already homeless. Thus solutions covering a much wider ground are needed to not just home the existing war veterans but any of the future ones as well. To reduce veteran homelessness an array of measures will have to be taken. An organization or two supported by another few cannot alone fight the consequences of such a grave matter. Veterans do not just need shelter but immense psychological and physical support, taken their horrendous experiences at the battlefield. Most of these men have faced extremely unpleasant situations – after all a war has nothing pleasant to it – and as a result they are at a very high risk of developing psychological disorders. Though people argue that families should be responsible for the health of the veterans once they return, they fail to recognize the fact that many of these ex-soldiers have severed ties with their families after the long time-period spent abroad. We have clear evidences of wives leaving their veteran husbands for other guys since their husbands could not provide for them. As veterans find it difficult to acquire jobs after their services in the army,

PERSONAL ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT EXERCISE Assignment

PERSONAL ETHICAL DEVELOPMENT EXERCISE - Assignment Example Mental well being of an individual is the overall result of his mind, body and soul. Therefore, it is essential to deal with the various issues confronting an individual in all these aspects. I will try to understand the various issues concerning the people of my responsibility and guide them in their mental requirements. I will assume the role of a mentor who can approach and assist them in any difficult situation. I will be greatly aware of my role as a leader in the physical well being of my people and I will always seek ways to ensure that they are physically and mentally fit. I will make sure that they go through physical training programs regularly and motivate them about the need of a sound body for a sound mind. In order to encourage them in maintaining their good health, I will also conduct such programs that motivate them. In keeping the unity and values of family relationship intact, I will encourage constant cooperation among the family members and such activities as sharing, discussions, entertainments, etc will be encouraged. I will always ensure that the people in the family and friend-circle know each other very deeply. I will encourage my acquaintances to share each other and motivate and help mutually. In the areas of education and career, I will always be cooperative with and helpful to other individuals of the group and I will ensure that there is long lasting harmony and unity in the group. I will be useful to all my colleagues and mates in their needs and will always search for their assistance and cooperation at times of need. Finances/Stewardship As a leader, I will always be careful about dealing with the finances and use my stewardship in the most effective way. I will look into the needs of my people and make use of the resources for their assistance. I will also motivate them as a steward and would not let go anything wrong about in my responsibility. I will always make sure that the people entrusted to me are at ease and comfort, and I will give priority to their needs. Service/Philanthropy In areas of service and charity, I will always maintain decorum and propriety in my activities and the people who reach out for my service or philanthropy will never be dissatisfied or frustrated about my role. I will always ensure that the people in need are given the best treatment and their comforts are always looked for. PERSONAL MISSION WORKSHEET Why do I desire to become as an organizational leader The role of an organizational leader is inevitable in the contemporary context of business and I feel it is the best way to be an agent of change in the industry. In the progress of an organization, the role of the leader is often emphasized and as a leader I desire to get the organization progressing, to get it operating at high efficiency in order to meet its short-term goals as well as the long term goals. "In a large complex organization and environment only a 100% fully engaged human leader can hope to achieve these lofty requirements to fulfill their duties. Thus, leadership is not for everyone, and leadership is one with responsibility. A leader must be able to

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Business Etiquette - Cubical Space Research Paper

Business Etiquette - Cubical Space - Research Paper Example Knowing how to communicate with decorum will help keep the business as well as grow some leads for the next business. (Columbia University Centre for Career education, 2012). Ensuring continued premises maintenance: In this kind of business, professional presentation go a long way in expressing how organized a company is and thus winning the customers trust. It will be essential to consider doing office maintenance as a way of setting professional standards for the services we provide. ( Columbia University Centre for Career education, 2012) Ensuring that tenants understand the tenure contract: Most of the times, tenants take less interest on terms of lease. Many of them do not understand the meaning of terms like triple net lease, load factor, full service e.t.c. It is important for the proprietor to ensure that the tenant understand what they are signing to avoid any conflict when bleach of tenure happens. (Wolfe, 2012). Keeping to the tenure contact: To develop trust and reliability, it is important for the company to ensure that contracts and agreements are kept strict (Wolfe, 2012). This will go a long way in buying customer’s trust as well as open leads for future business. As a cubicle space leasing company, it is important to consider professional practices like phone and communication etiquette, premise maintenance, leading tenants to understand the tenure contract and commitment to keep to the tenure contract. All the etiquette concerns should be geared towards establishing business leads and maximum trust in the company’s professionalism. Columbia University Centre for Career education. (2012). Skills- Business Etiquette. The Trustees of Colimbia University in the City of New York. Retrieved from: http://www.careereducation.columbia.edu/resources/tipsheets/skills-business-etiquette Wolfe, L. (2012). 3 questions to Ask Before Negotiating or Signing a

Monday, July 22, 2019

Father of Modern Management Essay Example for Free

Father of Modern Management Essay The satisfaction of social needs is something that is achievable for most individuals. People can meet others who share similar interests by joining relevant clubs or associations and can mix with peers by attending relevant social functions. There are also dating agencies and dinner clubs for those who are seeking companionship. Where social services are often required to assist is when a person is unable to easily or practically address these social needs, for example, someone who is elderly or housebound. Organisations such as Age Concern provide facilities like luncheon clubs and day centres, where individuals can benefit from company and conversation. They also collate information on other available resources like reminiscence and friendship groups (Age Concern, 2008). There are many routes to satisfying esteem needs. These include finding challenges of a vocational or academic nature or becoming part of a community group to gain a sense of achievement and social inclusion. For some, actively satisfying their own esteem needs can be a daunting process. Where social services can assist is in providing accessible services in a variety of formats. One example is the Gateway Team, part of Poole Social Services (Borough of Poole, 2008) who list their aim as: To enable adults in Poole to achieve, maintain and enjoy emotional and social well-being through the provision of a specialised service. This includes free psychology and counselling services and workshops aimed at addressing anxiety and depression or providing assertiveness training. It also focuses on actively helping individuals to attain social inclusion by providing ideas for getting involved in the local community. Additionally, help is given by sourcing self-help material in the form of books or online resources. The Gateway Team is merely one localized example to highlight available support but this picture is replicated throughout the country with the provision of services available from local authorities, charities, volunteer groups and private organisations. Moving on to self-actualisation, it is important to differentiate between this level and the others within Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. As it is concerned with a constantly evolving set of ambitions rather than a basic set of needs, self-actualisation does not require a safety net provided by social services. However, the social services framework can be utilised by enterprising individuals to help realise their potential. For example, undertaking volunteer work can build confidence, increase social networks and heighten the sense of well-being. Additionally, career prospects can be significantly enhanced as 73% of employers would employ a candidate with volunteering experience over one without (TimeBank, 2008). In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that social services, in the widest definition of the term, provide a wide range of facilities to address the Hierarchy of Needs as set out by Maslow. Although society is far from perfect and the eradication of neither poverty nor suffering is likely to be achieved, the assistance available in this country to those in need is comprehensive. Imagine what life was like for those most in need before the welfare state was established and before charities and other caring organisations became widespread. Consequently, the aim should be to bolster this supportive network and make it the very best it can be. Just like people, social services must continue to strive to fulfil its potential. Reference List Abraham Maslow Father of Modern Management (2007) Available from: http://www. abraham-maslow. com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs. asp [Accessed: 4 October 2008]. Age Concern Kingston upon Thames (2008) Social Activities [online]. Available from: http://www. ageconcernkingston. org/whatwedo_socialactivities. htm [Accessed: 5 October 2008]. BBC News Online (2004) Homeless Face More Violent Crime [online]. Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/4099727. stm [Accessed: 5 October 2008].

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Discussing Principles And Importance Of Good Record Keeping Nursing Essay

Discussing Principles And Importance Of Good Record Keeping Nursing Essay This essay aims to focus on record keeping. It will briefly discuss the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) guidance for nurses and midwives and the importance of good record keeping in the health care setting. This literature will also discuss four of these principles. The first principle is of detailed assessment and reviews which helps set up a care plan. It then moves on to the next principle which discusses hand writing and how it should be written legible. The next principle that has been discussed is the one that records should be accurate and recorded in a way that meaning is clear. Finally the last principle that has been discussed is that records should be factual and not include unnecessary abbreviations, jargon, meaningless phrases or irrelevant speculation. It then progressively moves on to discuss how these four principles impact on a care plan and how they are maintained. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2009:1) have guidelines for good record keeping, this helps nurses maintain good record keeping skills. Good record keeping skills is an important part of a nurses role in the health care setting. It helps nurses provide the correct and safe care towards a patient. Computer documentation is used in many of the health care settings, however hand writing in documentation is still widely used. The guidelines are used for both written and electronic record keeping. The process of record keeping is every bit as important as hands on clinical skills to helping maintain patients safety within the health care setting. It is not only important for monitoring a patients treatment and medical condition, it is also important for any legal issues that may arise when providing care to a patient regarding any care or treatment they have received when in a health care setting (Griffith 2007:363 ). There is a principle in the NMC 2009 for good record keeping that states you should record details of any assessment and reviews undertaken and provide clear evidence of the arrangements you have made for future and ongoing care. This should also include details of information given about care and treatment (NMC 2009). This principle can help when putting a care plan in place for the care needs of a patient. When a patient first comes into any health care setting the first form of documentation is a written assessment of the patient and what their care needs are. This is a very important part of record keeping as it is the beginning of the care planning process. Assessment forms will include vital information on the patients medical condition and what their care needs are. It is also important to have all information regarding next of kin in case a patients condition was to deteriorate (Miller and Gibb 2007:250). A part of an assessment that is vital to a patients safety can be infor mation regarding any medication. This can highlight what a patient may be taking at the present time or any medication that they have an allergy to. If information regarding allergies is clearly documented then all care staff involved are aware when delivering care to the patient (Diamond 2005:460). The next stage in the care planning process is to put a plan into action to what treatment is best for the patients needs. All aspects of the patients care needs get reviewed so that all the patients care needs can be met. Implementation moves on from the planning stage in a care plan. This stage involves the nurse in charge of the patient getting referrals from other care professionals to meet the care needs of the patient. Evaluation is the final part of a care plan which looks at all the information recorded in a care plan. If the care needs of the patient have not been met then the health care professionals are able to make changes to the care plan for the best interest of the patient. This may include professionals at a different skill level, specificaly to deliver that care and treatment. It is the health care professionals responsibility to record and review all information regarding patients care. This enables care progress and makes sure the patients care needs are being met safely (Brooker and Waugh 2007 358). One of the principles for good record keeping is regarding handwriting hand writing should be legible (NMC 2009). A way in which badly written documents can cause problems is if prescribed medication that has been recorded is not written clearly, not only the type of medication but also information on administering medication. If a patients records are written clearly there is less risk to the patients safety (Reddy 2006:330). In any care setting good writing skills are very important as other multidisciplinary teams can be involved in a patients care. It is important that they can easily read any treatment and care a patient is receiving and that all needs of the patient are being met. A care plan is a legal document so it is vital that all information can be easily read. Any care professional who writes any information in a care plan is personally responsible for the information that they have written (Powell 2009:300). When a nurse writes in a care plan regarding treatment to a patient they may make a mistake and need to correct what they have written, this is the only reason why information can be changed. Correction fluid should never be used in a care plan to cover any written mistake. A line should be put through the error that has been made and the appropriate notes should be written in. The person making the change to the care plan should sign and date when they made the correction so other health care professionals can see why the correction was made to the care plan (Diamond 2005:261). This makes all written information in a patients or clients care plan more easily to read and any individual who writes in the care notes should try and use a black ink pen on white paper. A patients care plan is the main tool used in a care setting to communicate with different care professionals and services who may be involved in the care of a patient. In a variety of different care settings different colo ured paper is used for certain medical interventions. It is important that any paper and ink that is used in a care plan can be easily photocopied, as at times copies of some of the patients care plans may be needed (Griffith 2004:123). There is also a principle in the NMC that states your records should be accurate and recorded in a way that the meaning is clear. All notes that are written about a patients care should be clear so that any other care professionals who need to read the care plan know and understand what has been written. If a nurse was to write settled day what meaning does that actually have to other care staff. Care plans are helpful at finding out any care issues a patient may have. If there has been a problem regarding a patients care and it has been resolved then this has to be clearly documented. When a nurse comes on shift and takes over the care of a patient and the patients care notes may read awake most of the night due to being in pain and then did not write how she helped the patient overcome this problem then this is poor record keeping skills. Highlighting every intervention while delivering care is vital and information should not be missed out. It may be the case that the patient rece ived pain relief medication at the end of that previous nurses shift. If this was not documented in the patients care notes or kardex then the nurse who has taken over care of the patient may administer pain relief again, putting the patients safety risk. Documenting and recording clear and meaningful information regarding a patients care and any changes in a patients condition is a skill, and it is essential care professional in a care setting get it right. All written and computerised notes should be spelt accurately and have a clear meaning. Spelling may not always put a patients safety at risk but its not always that way regarding miss spelt medication. Many medications do sound the same when you say them but they are spelt differently and this can put a patients safety at risk (Diamond 2005:568). To keep records accurate all information written in a patients care plan must have a date with the day, month and year the staff member who has documented the information in the care plan. The time of documentation should also be added using the 24 hour clock. If all information in a patients care plan is accurate and up to date it helps maintain good communication between all care professionals involved in the patients care (Griffith 2004:124). Moving on to another principle in the NMC for maintaining good record keeping is the one that states records should be factual and not include unnecessary abbreviations, jargon, meaningless phrases or irrelevant speculation. One way this can cause a problem is if a nurse were to write in a patients care notes using abbreviations or jargon. Nurses who come on to a shift to take over the care of patients have to be able understand what has been written to help them deliver care effectively. Records are an important part of a patients care in which various health care professionals are involved in. Using abbreviations or jargon can put a patients safety at risk as it may have a totally different meaning to another person (Brooker and Waugh 2007:154). The NMC try to advice health care staff not to use abbreviations and follow the principles for record keeping. In some health care settings abbreviations will be used and nursing students need to be aware of what they mean to avoid any confusion. One of the abbreviations that are used safely in a health care setting is BP which means blood pressure. Abbreviations get used in health care settings to try and save time on record keeping as it does take up a lot of the health care staffs time (Diamond 2005:665). When care professionals follow these four principles of good record keeping it has an impact on a patients care plan in many ways. A care plan has all the relevant information regarding a patient. Having the correct and up to date information regarding a patient helps maintain a patients safety. Good record keeping has an impact on a patients health and helps recognise any sudden changes in a patient condition. If all information is written clearly with the correct spelling then other care professionals involved in the care of the patient can clearly understand what has been written. A well documented care plan helps maintain good communication between all care staff involved in the care of the patient. Some care staff who are involved in the patients care never see each other and a care plan is the only tool they have and would use for communicating and knowing what treatment and care the patient has been given and what care still needs to be delivered to the patient (Greyer 2005:24). A care plan is a legal document and all written information has to be accurate, clearly written and should not have any jargon or abbreviations contained in it. If a care plan is clearly documented with all the relevant information it impacts on the healthcare staff by safe guarding them in regards to any legal issues involving patients including the care staffs involvement (Diamond 2008:119). A care plan is maintained by reviewing this document at regular intervals. Reviewing care plans helps maintain accurate and safe care towards a patient. The main purpose for reviewing care plans is to maintain continuity of care. A review will help care staff determine if all care needs of the patient are being met and to notice if any of the care needs of the patient have changed from the initial assessment (Miller and Gibb 2007:272). An audit is another way to help maintain good record keeping of a care plan. An audit will check that all information is written clearly, with meaning, up to date and its accuracy. Audits can help highlight any inaccurate documentation and changes that can be made to rectify the inaccuracies within a document (Anderson 2000:355). Throughout this essay record keeping has been discussed and the importance of record keeping in the health care setting. It looked at the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) guidance for nurses and midwives and four principles of record keeping. It later discussed how these principles impact and are maintained in a care plan. Record keeping is an important skill that nurses should have to maintain good communication between other care staff members regarding care needs of a patient. All care professionals involved in the care needs of a patient may never meet and only communicate through what they write in a patients care plan. It is important that all information is written clearly and can be easily understood to help maintain continuity of care towards the patient. There could be a problem for some nurses when it comes to writing information in a patients care notes. One way of doing this is if a nurse comes from another country and English is not their first language then they mi ght have some difficulty writing care notes and they need to be assessed to see if they are capable to write up notes correctly. Writing up care notes regarding a patient does take up time, many nurses feel the time used documenting information could be time used to treat a patient, but care plans are very important in the health care setting. Nurses should try and not leave writing up care notes to near the end of their shift, they should try and set aside time to document all relevant information regarding care given and nursing interventions of patient. If nurses leave writing up care notes to near the end of their shift and rush through what they are recording then this may cause them to miss out important information and could put a patients safety at risk. A care plan is a legal document and nurses should be aware of this when writing any care or treatment in a patients care notes. If all care notes are written clearly with no jargon then all other care professionals can easil y read what the care needs are of the patient. Student nurses should be aware that good record keeping is a skill and it is every bit as important as clinical skills they will learn. If a nurse finds it difficult to read any information in a care plan, they should inform the person in charge. Care notes are vitally important to protect healthcare staff in the event of any legal allegations that a patient has made regarding care or treatment they have received from the nurse. A care plan is a very important document for a variety of different reasons so good record keeping is important in all health care settings. Anderson E (2000) Issues surrounding record keeping in district nursing practice. British Journal of Community Nursing 5 (6) 297-299. Brooker C, Waugh A (2007) Foundation of Nursing Practice. Edinbrugh, Mosby Elsevier 154-358. Diamond B (2005) Exploring the principles of good record keeping in nursing. British Journal of Nursing 14 (8) 460-462. Diamond B (2005) Exploring common deficiencies that occur in record keeping. British Journal of Nursing 14 (10) 568-570. Greyer N (2005) Record keeping. South Africa. Juta and co ltd: 24. Griffith R (2007) The importance of earnest record keeping. Nurse Prescribing 5 (8) 363-366. Griffith R (2004) Putting the record straight: the importance of documentation. British Journal of Community Nursing 9 (3) 122-125. Miller J, Gibb S (2007) Care Practice for Higher 2nd edition. Paisley, Hodder and Gibson 205-272. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) Record Keeping: Guidance for nurses and midwives [Internet]. London, Nursing and Midwifery Council. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/aDisplayDocument.aspx?DocumentID=6269 [Accessed 19 January 2010]. Powell S (2009) Study skills: clinical writing; what is best practice? British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 3 (6) 300-301. Reddy B (2006) Prescription writing standards: why they are important. Nurse Prescribing 4 (8) 330-335.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Guide To Rudyard Kipling And If English Language Essay

Guide To Rudyard Kipling And If English Language Essay A son, a brother, a husband, a father, a writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rudyard Kipling. Rudyard Kipling was called, by some, one of Englands best short story writers and this is how it all began (Rudyard Kipling). Rudyard was born on December 30th, 1865, in Bombay (Rudyard Kipling-Biography). His parents lived in Bombay because of his fathers job. His mother and father both worked so that they could support their two children, Rudyard and Alice. Kiplings sister was three years younger than him and was born in 1868 (Sandison, A.G.). Rudyard Kipling lived with foster parents, in England, for quite some time. He and his sister were not expecting to be left there, with a foster family, while his parents went back to Bombay (Orel, Harold). It was 1871, when they arrived at the south coast of England, to find a cruel foster parent, who they had to call Aunty Rosa, waiting for them there. Rudyard didnt have a good experience there; he was treated poorly and abused, while living there for 6 years. That was a big change from the time he spent in Bombay, being the center of attention and basically having a pretty good life. This experience really impacted his writing. He had issues, throughout his life, because of his foster family. He also ended up getting insomnia and he had it the rest of his life (Sandison, A.G.). One tradition that Kipling and his sister had was going to their aunt and uncles house every Christmas. It was a great relief from being at Aunty Rosas house. Not only was this house their aunt and uncles, it was an artist and writer hot spot. They would all meet there every so often. In doing this every year, Rudyard was greatly influenced by some very talented writers, which really started him on his writing journey. Three of these writers made a big impact and connected with Rudyard. Those three men were his uncle, Burne-Jones, Cormell Price, and William Morris. But, Burne-Jones, Rudyards uncle, was the closest to him out of everyone (Sandison, A.G.). Rudyard went to United Services College until he was almost seventeen. Cormell Price was the headmaster of that school and since he already was close to Kipling, he gave him permission to use his library, which increased his writing skills (Sandison, A.G.). He went back to live with his parents in Lahore when he was 16, which was the year of 1882. He wrote a lot of pieces while he was there. It is actually what really started to get him recognized. Kipling returned to England in the year of 1889 and started writing some great short stories after one of his, Barrack-Room Ballads, was praised. Kipling started moving right along in his successful writing career and was starting to become famous (Rudyard Kipling). In 1892, Kipling married a girl named Carrie. She was the sister to one of his friends who had recently passed away. They moved back to his wifes home in Brattleboro, Vermont. That is where his first two kids were born- Josephine and Elsie. He also wrote Captains Courageous and The Jungle Book in Brattleboro. In 1896, they moved back to England because he had a fall out with his brother-in-law. Then, a year afterwards, they moved to Rottingdean, in Sussex, where their son, John, was born. In 1899, his daughter died, while they were in the U.S. for a visit. They lost their son, John, in World War I, soon after Josephines death. Kipling kept on writing even through all these tragic times. He was actually awarded a Nobel Peace Prize, in 1907, and became very famous. Rudyard Kipling led a good life and, sadly, died January of 1936, on one of many of their family trips (Rudyard Kipling).That basically sums up Kiplings life, in a nutshell. Overview/Summary of If Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem If in attempts to show the reader how to live life and solve problems simply. He wrote this poem to his son during World War I, offering great advice on life (Lewis, J.R.). This particular poem captured the attention of those who usually dont care for, or flat out, dont like poetry. This poem was said to be one of the best poems ever written (Lewis, J.R.). This poem is broken into four sections and each of these sections are filled with great meaning. People should read this poem and learn from it great life lessons and become better people all together. Rudyard Kipling excelled with this piece of literature. He summed up how people should live life in a short but sweet poem (Sharum, Angel L). The first section of this poem is really about not getting caught up within your own pride. Dont try and change for other people and popularity or status. Try to do what is right and not what others think is right. Dont become self-centered or haughty. Be yourself and stay on the right path and know that you are doing the right thing. That is how this first section of If can be interpreted (Sharum, Angel L). The second section of Rudyard Kiplings popular poem has just as much meaning as the first section. This sections main points would have to be, pushing right on through all the hard challenges that always interfere with your goals and dreams in life. Also, this section says to create goals to aim for and try to accomplish them without letting them rule your life. So, perseverance is a big lesson in the section. When life gets tough, gut it out and keep moving forward (Sharum, Angel L). Now, on to the third section of this poem named If. This section is almost like the last section. It says to not give up and dont admit defeat when a failure occurs. It tells people to try again and keep working at it until the goal is met. That is what the third section of If is about. Never say never, and dont give in to laziness, doubt, or defeat (Sharum, Angel L). Last, but not least, is the final section of this great work of art and marvelous piece of literature. This section of the poem has a couple of great meanings hiding in it. No one is better or worse than another person. Everyone has special qualities that they possess; it is just whether people will take the effort to look hard enough to find them. Another good point in this would be to not waste the time in life. Try to enjoy every day in life and make it meaningful. If people didnt waste their time and lives focusing on the bad things and unfair things they would be far better off. Once people realize to make every moment in life count, they will be more successful and lead happier lives. (Sharum, Angel L). That is a basic summary of the poem that Rudyard Kipling wrote. He inspired tons of people with this poem and is still inspiring people to this very day (Lewis, J.R.)! It really gives good examples and sets great goals for peoples lives. The poem is almost like a little guide for peoples lives (Sharum, Angel L). This particular poem just might have been the most famous of all the poems he had written. It got so popular that people all over were translating it into their own languages and would make copies of it. This poem is like a instruction manual for the common, human being. That is what this poem is really all about (Sharum, Angel L). Critical Analysis of If  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Influences Rudyard Kipling had many influential people and experiences in his lifetime. The first thing is that he lived in India in his early years and then moved back to India when he was a teenager. That really impacted Kiplings type, style, and story lines of a lot of the pieces he wrote (Orel, Harold). Another experience, that majorly impacted his whole life, was living with his cruel foster parents. He was neglected and abused and never fully recovered from that. He had insomnia for the rest of his life, along with other issues (Sandison, A.G.). Going to his aunt and uncles house every Christmas influenced him because he met some very influential people and made personal relationships with them. That helped him get to where he was when he got older. He got special privileges at his school because he was close to the headmaster. Kipling excelled because he was free to use the headmasters personal library (Sandison, A.G.). One more big thing that occurred in his life was that he lost two of his children within sixteen years. His daughter died tragically on a family vacation. Then, sixteen years later he lost his son in the war. Those are just some of the influential times in his life (Rudyard Kipling).  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Main Themes The first theme would be growing up and becoming a man. It discusses maturing into manhood, growing up, and becoming wiser. Connected to that would be learning leadership skills. In the process of becoming a man, leadership skills are usually required to succeed and earn respect (If| Introduction). Another theme in this poem is righteousness rather than being self-righteous. The point Kipling is trying to get across is quite simple. People striving to be righteous should not be self-centered. Those two things, righteousness and self-righteousness are total opposites. So, if people act self-righteous they arent going to achieve righteousness any time soon (If| Introduction). The next theme is having a good work ethic. People should not give up when things get hard. They shouldnt decide to be lazy and just decide not to do something because they dont feel like it. People should always keep trying and persevering through hard times and it will pay off in the long run (If| Introduction). The last theme of this poem is detachment. Failure and success should not be focused on because they will not last nor will they be permanent. Do not get attached to something that will leave as quickly as it came. That concludes the themes of this poem (If| Introduction).  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stylistic Devices Kiplings poem had at least three stylistic and literary devices in it. The three devices in this poem were repetition, personification and alliteration. These are the main literary and stylistic devices that showed up in If (Yahoo! Answers). Repetition was a big literary device that was used in this poem. The way it was used was with the word you. Almost every line has the word you in it! So, obviously, this is a very good literary device throughout this poem. That is the first device that has been used (Yahoo! Answers). Personification is the second device found in this poem. Here are a few examples from the poem. One is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦make dreams your master and another is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦make thoughts your aimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Those are both examples of personification used in the poem. So, that was the second literary device that was used in Kiplings poem (Yahoo! Answers). The last device used in this poem was alliteration. There are only two examples of alliteration in this poem, but there still is alliteration. The first example is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with wornout toolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The second example in this poem of alliteration is, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦sixty secondsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Those are the examples of alliteration in this poem. That concludes the literary and stylistic devices of Rudyard Kiplings poem, If (Yahoo! Answers).  ¨Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impressions This page is about my impression of the poem. I really liked the poem. After reading it a lot of times and then seeing what other people had to say about it, I just kept getting more and more out of it. I started understanding more of what it really meant and was saying every time I read it. My first impression was, Wow! This poem is really confusing and doesnt make much sense. I thought it would be hard to write about because it was kind of confusing. I also thought that because it was so short that I wouldnt have enough information to write one page about. But, as you can see, I was wrong. As I kept working, I started understanding it and actually started to really enjoy it. I had more than enough information to write about. I also learned some from this. Most things I already knew, but it is always good to be reminded. I think that Rudyard Kipling was an amazing writer, considering all the tragedies he had to go through. It was almost like he was writing this poem partially out of his own experiences. I really liked the points he tried to get across and am just surprised that he was able to express such a powerful message in that short of a poem. I really thought this poem was great and can understand how it became so popular throughout the world so fast. That is my impression of If by Rudyard Kipling. Test Over Rudyard Kipling and If Multiple Choice: 1.) Where was Kipling born? a. Rome b. Brattleboro c. England d. Bombay 2.) How many siblings did Kipling have? a. 3 b. 1 c. 5 d. 2 3.) Where did Kipling go to school? a. United Services College b. United Forces College 4.) Where did Kipling spend most of his childhood? a. Bombay b. England c. Brattleboro d. Rome 5.) What was Kiplings foster parents name? a. Aunty Lily b. Aunty Rosa b. Aunty Sue c. Aunty Mae 6.) How many kids did Kipling have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 7.) What was Kiplings wifes name? a. Carrie b. Sue c. Jane d. Lynn 8.) Who was closest to Kipling? a. Uncle b. Dad c. Mom d. Foster mom 9.) When Kipling was 16 where did he move? a. Bombay b. Rome c. Lahore d. Vermont 10.) What was Kiplings sisters name? a. Alice b. Jen c. Carrie d. Rosa 11.) What was Kiplings really famous poem? a. Now b. What If c. If d. Why 12.) How many times is alliteration shown in If? a. 2 b. 1 c. 10 d. 4 13.) During what big event did he write If? a. WWII b. Civil War c. WWI d. Cold War 14.) How many of his children died young? a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. None 15.) How many literary devices show up in If? a. 0 b. 5 c. 6 d. 3 16.) How many big themes are in If? a. 3 b. 5 c. 2 d. 4 17.) How would Kiplings foster parents be described? a. Kind b. Shy c. Generous d. Cruel 18.) Who did Kipling write If to? a. Wife b. Sister c. Dad d. Son 19.) What year was Kipling born? a.1855 b. 1885 c. 1865 d. 1845 20.) What year did Kipling die? a. 1926 b. 1936 c. 1916 d.1906 Fill in the blank: 1.) Kipling was awarded a in 1907. 2.) Kipling spent every with his aunt and uncle. 3.) Kipling was by his foster parents. 4.) Kipling had his whole life. 5.) Kiplings son died in . 6.) If was written to show people how to solve simply. 7.) Using the word you over and over in if is called . 8.) The three literary devices in Kiplings poem If were , , . 9.) Kipling married his friends . 10.) Kiplings birthday was December . Essay: What were the main ideas that Rudyard Kipling was trying to get across to the readers of his poem If? Test Answer Key Multiple Choice: 1.)  Ã‚   D. 2.)  Ã‚   B. 3.)  Ã‚   A. 4.)  Ã‚   B. 5.)  Ã‚   B. 6.)  Ã‚   C. 7.)  Ã‚   A. 8.)  Ã‚   A. 9.)  Ã‚   C. 10.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. 11.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 12.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A. 13.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 14.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 15.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. 16.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. 17.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. 18.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. 19.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   C. 20.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B. Fill in the Blank: 1.)   Nobel Peace Prize 2.)   Christmas 3.)   Abused 4.)   Insomnia 5.)   WWI 6.)   Problems 7.)   Repetition 8.)   Repetition, Personification, and Alliteration. 9.)   Sister 10.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   30th Essay: He wanted to show people not to value worldly possessions. He also wanted people to be happy with life and enjoy each and every minute of it. Not to hold on to grudges or act like a child. Stop thinking all about yourself and stop being a conceited person. Be righteous but not self- righteous. Never give up when things get hard. Enjoy your life and everyone in it. That is the main points Rudyard Kipling was expressing in his poem If.

Abolitionists: Their Ideology, and Their Relation with Lincoln and Poli

During the 19th century the religious revival led to a corresponding social reform that would transform the American Society. Reformers led various campaigns including a campaign to close all public places such as shops and taverns on Sundays. The religious revival also led to the Abolition movement, which aimed to eliminate slavery in America. During the time up until the Civil war abolitionists would try to influence both society and politics using ways some of which were similar to those of political parties. The relationship between abolitionists, their ideals and politics was key in reforming national policy related to slavery. Though President Lincoln was opposed to slavery he was not an abolitionist. However despite this Lincoln was strongly influenced by their ideas and they often made their way into his own writings. By agitating against slavery both in and out of politics they were able to change the opinion of a public that had previously rejected them. During the1830s abolitionism was anything but main stream, most abolitionists were either black or they were pious whites . Some of the first abolitionists (in both the United States and the Britian) were Quakers. They believed that God loved every human â€Å"regardless of colour, sex or station in life.† Due to this belief Quakers seemed likely to conclude that â€Å"Slavery,† as denounced by Benjamin Lay, â€Å"was the greatest sin against God’s will,† and that it should be abolished. Before the American Revolution, Quaker reformers such as John Woolman, Anthony Benezet and Benjamin Lay began to publish their views and bring up the issue of slavery at Quaker meetings. Even in the Southern states, where many Quakers owned slaves their actions led to an increased number of fr... ... being as inclusive as the abolitionist societies. Abolitionists had used all means they could access to send their antislavery message across the nation. They used traditional methods such as lectures and petitions, as well as the new technology of the steam press to print large numbers of pamphlets and newspapers, to inform the American public (Foner, 20). Works Cited Scott, Donald. â€Å"Evangelicalism as a Social Movement.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center, 1. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. â€Å"American Abolitionism and Religion.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center. Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial, Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2011. Walters, Ronald G.. The Antislavery Appeal, American Abolitionism after 1830.Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. 1976.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Fantasy and Dream work in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari Essay -- Cabinet

Fantasy and Dream work in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari The silent expressionist film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari exposes psychological guilt and insanity through the main character's fantasies and delusions. This character, Francis, brings the viewer into a nightmarish world through his story-telling. He recounts the story of the mad Dr. Caligari and the somnambulist Cesare who is under his control. The doctor's arrival in Francis' hometown results in a string of murders, the death of his best friend Alan and the kidnapping of his beloved fiancà ©e Jane. Francis tells this story as if it were true, but in the end he is revealed as a patient in a mental hospital. The film does not confirm whether Francis' story is reality, but Freudian theory suggests that this story is a wish fulfillment. Francis' neurotic mind created and mistook this fantasy for reality in order to displace the guilt over his friend's death by means of dream work and displacing his guilt onto the somnambulist Cesare. Neurosis is characterized by a retreat into ones imagination and alienation from reality. According to Freudian theory, this is also typified by believing a fantasy to be the truth. "Neurotics turn away from reality because they find it unbearable; the most extreme type of this turning away from reality is shown by certain cases of hallucinatory psychosis which seek to deny the particular event that occasioned the outbreak of their insanity" (Freud, 301). In this passage, Freud describes the psychological techniques that a neurotic mind uses in order to cope with a traumatic event. Instead of coming to terms with their trauma, the mind will alter the events and shape them around a delusion in order to produce a more pleasing conc... ...ing fantasy. In addition, Dr. Caligari and Cesare are not real people; they are fragments of Francis' psyche and serve the purpose of objects onto which the blame is displaced. The filmÕs ambiguous ending leaves the validity of Francis' story unknown because his illness is not explicitly confirmed. However, Freudian theory clarifies this uncertainty by showing that Francis has fantasized the entire story to satisfy his guilty mind. Bibliography The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. Dir. Robert Wiene. Perf. Werner Krauss, Friedrich Feher, and Condrad Veidt. Decla-Bioscop AD, 1920. Freud, Sigmund. The Freud Reader. Ed. Peter Gay. New York: W.W. & Norton. ---. Writings on Art and Literature. Ed. Niel Harz. Janowitz, Hans, and Mayer, Carl. The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. (1920). http://www.cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/scr/caligari.txt

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Discuss the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Movie Ma Vie En Rose

Human societies all over the world believe in gender identities and expect an individual to behave in accordance to the rules of gender, laid by the society. When a person defies these rules, the society reacts negatively and compels the person to alter his/her behavior. The conflicts that arise between the society and the person struggling with his/her sexual identity are depicted in the movie Ma Vie En Rose (My Life in Pink), directed by Alain Berliner. The protagonist of the movie is a seven year old boy, Ludovic who believes that he is a girl and behaves like one.The family members of Ludovic and the neighbors are the secondary characters in the movie. The theme of the movie states that defying one’s sexual identity and behaving like the opposite sex is not an anomalous behavior, the society should realize this and accept the person as he/she is. The movie presents a touching portrayal of the dilemmas faced by Ludovic and his family members, owing to the manner in which Lu dovic exhibits his sexual identify. But the film lacks in one aspect, for it fails to provide any insights regarding Ludovic’s future in a society bound by its rules.Strengths The movie focuses on the innocent world of a boy who believes that he is destined to be a woman when he grows up. Ludovic dresses and acts like a girl, and this behavior of Ludovic astounds his family members and the neighbors. Ludovic is advised by his family members to give up his unusual thoughts and act like a boy but Ludovic refuses to listen to them. Being a seven year old boy, he fails to understand the consequences of his actions. The dilemma of the parents who discover that their child is different from other children is very well captured in the movie.The fear that they will be alienated from their society if they accepted Ludovic’s sexual identity disturbs Ludovic’s parents to such an extent that they ignore the feelings their own son. Ludovic’s parents are torn between t he love for their son and the expectations of the neighbors. â€Å"They love their son, but don't know how to (or whether they should) break him of his feminine obsession. The resulting stress tears at the fabric of their marriage, and their disapproval threatens to destroy Ludovic. † (Berardinelli).Instead of accepting their child as he is, Ludovic’s parents attempt to alter his thoughts regarding his sexual identity. Ludovic’s persistence in his views about his sexual identity, lead to anxiety and stress for his parents. The conservative thinking of adults is incapable of understanding Ludovic’s state of mind. The pain and anguish faced by Ludovic’s parents is very well depicted in the movie along with the confusion that prevails in Ludovic’s mind regarding the harsh reactions of the society and family towards the expression of his sexual identity.Weakness The movie brings forth the responses of a family and society when they realize that Ludovic is crossing the lines of sexual identity, which are drawn by the society. But it fails to comment on the future of an individual whose sexual identity differs from the notion of sexual identity held by the society. Ludovic’s dilemmas are resolved for the time being when his parents accept his feminine sexual identity. As Ludovic and his parents have moved in a new locality, Ludovic is also saved from the contempt of his old neighbors.The new neighbors understand Ludovic’s feelings and provide him with the freedom to act according to his desires. But what will happen when he grows up and enters the adult world? Will he be accepted by the society at that time? Or will he face criticism for being different from the other members of the society? Can a child like Ludovic overcome the obstacles placed by society in his life and emerge as a winner? The movie fails to answer these questions. The problems that Ludovic will face as an adult are not included in the movie, which leaves the future of Ludovic ambiguous. ConclusionThe movie Ma Vie en Rose (My Life in Pink) comments on the expectations of the society regarding the expression of sexual identity by an individual. It brings forth the reaction of the society when a person flouts those expectations and follows his/her own sexual identity. Ludovic’s struggle against his parents and society, points towards the rigidity of the people who aim to deprive a human being from the freedom of expression of sexual identity of his/her preference. The circumstances in which Ludovic is placed by his parents and society present the influence of conservative thinking on the society.

Crude Distillation Unit

A REPORT ON CDU het upness commutation & integration BY Mudit 2010A1PS349P Amanpreet Singh 2010B4A1356P Rishu Gupta 2010A1PS401P AT IOCL REFINERY, GUWAHATI A Practice School-I station of BIRLA comprise OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, PILANI July, 2012 PREFACE We feel simple pleasure in presenting forwards you this closing identify on our PS-1 program IOCL Guwahati refinery. This overcompensate encompasses a comprehensive discussion of what we learnt on this program. The line jumps with a t givecated creative activity ab come forward the organization i. e. IOCL Guwahati refinery.We set out unploughed discussion in this ingredient brief to focus more on our cat take fire re-sentencing and integrating in CDU . The briny shroud is divided into 4 members. To start with, the outset voice is a portional origination to approximative distillate unit of measurement, its growth and harvest-festivals. wake stand in is among the closely great activity for unrefin ed distillment units. The 2nd part of the deal focuses on this passion rally crop occurring in the unsmooth distillment unit of Guwahati refinery. demand info regarding each the alter m unmatchedy changers has been provided in a tabular panache to ex track down to understanding easier.The inclination of comminuted alter m bingley changer is introduced subsequently in the third shargon along with the case story of intimately heavy set off money changers of the c ar for. warmth obligation & another(prenominal) calculations presented in this percentage for acidness money changers atomic consequence 18 clearly explained in step by step manner along with formulas utilise. Through these calculations we entertain assay to analyze whether these money changers be functional efficiently. In the Last part of the report we concur given(p) an introduction to cacoethes desegregation whiz of the approximately important wight for increasing zip effic iency of a carry through.Points discussed slightly lovingness integration in this section argon Meaning, Importance, its need in CDU, Tools. We withdraw concluded this part with an showcase of change integration by with(p) in 2010 in pre- overheated up inveigh of CDU, showing how it helped pitch brawn & increasing efficiency. A last- order conclusion and glossary ar provided to bring up the report. We hope you have a good time reading this report and find it informative and useful. Mudit, Amanpreet & Rishu Birla form of engineering science & recognition Pilani 333031 2 ACKOWLEDGEMENTA comprehensive report always requires the goodwill, encouragement, guidance and sanction of umteen people so we would homogeneous to start by thanking our college BITS pilani for initiating program identical ps-1 thereby bighearted us the opportunities to visit received time industries and learn by working on hand in organizations as big as IOCL. Our sincere thank to Mr. B K Da s, CPNM and Mr. P S So immediatelyal for assigning us this important pop out on foment integration in refinery and getting us in inter-group communication with the required person in apiece unit. Without their help this whole program would no. have been possible.We atomic number 18 indebted by the constant support and mentoring provided by Mr. Vijay Kumar, TS for the homework of this report. Also, we take this opport concurrence to thank all the chief engineers, and workers we have met in varied units who have received us with afford hearts and helped us in learnedness the vast array of knowledge that a refinery h ageds. Mr. E Edmund of CDU, Mr. A. Bairagi of OM&S argon rightful(prenominal) the few of these names with whom we sh atomic number 18d numerous informative talks which lastly went into the conceptualisation of this report. We also express our deep esthesis of gratitude to IOCL administration for providing us with necessary entropy nd making our stay a pleas ant whiz. Thanks to our families & fri ratiocinations for their constant support and encouragement throughout the period of preparation of this report. It goes without saying that we are sincerely pleasant to our instructor, Mr. Prasantha G for coordinating this ps-1 program and giving us opportunity to present forward him this report. Thank you all Birla bring of applied science & attainment Pilani 333031 3 TABLE OF content S No. Topic rapscallion No. Preface Acknowledgement itemisation of Illustrations Abstract 2 3 5 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 trigger IOCL Guwahati refinery labor Units of Guwahati refinery 6 7 8 9 2. 1 bumpy distillate Unit CDU shape commentary 11 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 CDU Pre- ignite hold in ( change exchange action) origination dress down & pipework commove money changer Pre- genus Oestrus turn back Description 15 16 17 light up mass meetingr public presentation Calculation faultfinding oestrus exchangers proceeding depth psychology theoretical accoun ts ? S-25A/B ? S-11C ? S-23A/B 22 23 23 25 27 hot pants integrating vexing Integration Introduction kindle Integration in CDU ? Need for rouse integration in CDU ? Heat integration in Guwahati Refinery ? instance from pre- lovingness gear up 30 32 32 32 33 Conclusions References Bibliography Glossary 35 36 37 38 4. 1 4. 2 5. 1 5. 2 Birla wreak of engineering & lorePilani 333031 4 LIST OF modelS ILLUSTRATION NO. translation 1. 2. 1 1. 3. 1 IOCL Indian market share tabularise showing Production units 2. 1. 1 2. 1. 2 CDU f broken in diagram rig back exhibit CDU harvest-feast properties 3. 2. 1 3. 3. 1 3. 3. 2 Types of call on the carpet tobacco pipe catch fire exchanger Pre- rage gear wheel range diagram Table Showing cold section vex exchangers Table Showing mid section wake exchangers Table Showing longing section mania exchangers 3. 3. 3 3. 3. 4 4. 2. 1 4. 2. 3 4. 2. 4 4. 2. 6 4. 2. 7 4. 2. 7 5. 1. 1 5. 2. 1 5. 2. 2 Properties, Design info, Practical info of S-25A/B Properties, Design info, Practical selective information of S-11CProperties, Design data, Practical data of S-23A/B Steps of Heat Integration Heat integration in Pre- commove tame S-11/c before & after conflagrate integration Birla imbed of technology & lore Pilani 333031 5 ABSTRACT Title of the Project CDU hop up EXCHANGE & desegregation Key nomenclature gravelly distillation, Heat exchange, Heat integration, CDU-Pre heat train Project Areas Heat exchange, Process design & optimization, pushing Abstract In this work is on unmannerly distillation unit in a refinery & discusses the heat exchange operate in it and introduction of the concept of heat integration which is of wide wideness in CDU.CDU is apply for rasping fractional dish out and requires a temperature of 354 oC. To increase the temperature of uncut 2 step action is employ heat exchange with proceeds streams & furnace. In the stick & tube tied(p)t heat exchangers of Guwahati refiner y Low temperature everlasting(a) exchanges heat with spicy temperature streams of SRGO, RCO etc. in 3 stages(cold , mid, hot). The work of around of these heat exchangers have a major impact on end harvest-homeion and are classified as Critical on the basis of unlike criteria like familiar fouling, ample outdoors range.Calculation of heat duty, LMTD of some of these heat exchangers(s/15, S/23a-b,s-24) is through victimization design & matter-of-fact data to label whether they are working efficiently as compared to design. Heat integration is an important concept to increase aught efficiency of process through heat recoin truth. Tools like stop rascal compendium are used in lavishly dexterity demanding units like CDU to optimize the Heat exchanger Nedeucerk for level best efficiency. depth psychology of past heat integration done in Pre heat train of CDU is taken as an example for analysis. Signature(s) of Students(s) leave Signature of PS Faculty DateBirla br ing in of engine room & attainment Pilani 333031 6 1. 1 excogitation This Report is an analysis of the one of the almost key elements of all bumpy distillation unit i. e. Heat Exchange & Heat integration. The report is open up on Work in CDU of Guwahati refinery. sensitive distillation units are used for the fractionation of unmannered into more valuable products utilize their difference of opinion in b in the buffing evinces. outgrowth in temp for distillation us achieved in 2 stairs runner step is the heat exchange of rough with product streams at high temperatures. In the nigh step a furnace is used to further elevate the temperature.Our important point of discussion in this report is the runner step of heat exchange called the Pre-heat train. The pre-heat train consists of 3 sections Cold, Mid & hot. The inclination of each section is to recover heat from hot product stream of RCO, SRGO etc and depict it to rocky through a shell-tube type heat exchanger. T he details about pranceed heat exchanger used in process are presented in the report. Performance of some heat exchanger is more decisive on overall heat exchange than others these heat exchangers are classified as Critical heat exchangers. Constant observe of efficiency of these heat exchangers call for to be done.As Example calculations like heat duty, LMTD is done in this report for some of these precise heat exchangers (S-11C, S-23A/B) to check their efficiency. bleak distillation is an zilch intensive process. With increasing rock fossil petroleum cost, the focus is to maximize cleverness recovery. whizz way to do this is heat integration which is a technique to design a process to minimise heftiness aspiration. Tools like sneak analysis are used for arrest an optimized heat exchanger net for heat integration in CDU. The furnishting of the chick in CDU is taken as case hold in report to realize importance of heat integration.Meaning of all the key basis used in the report brook be found in the Glossary. incumbent data used in the report has been obtained through manuals & officials of Guwahati refinery. Birla instal of technology & skill Pilani 333031 7 1. 2 IOCL GUWAHATI REFINERY ? IOCL Indian rock rock oil Corporation steriliseed is vauntinglyst state owned company in endpoints of receipts having Maharatna status. It is ranked 98th in the Fortune spheric 500 listing. Its biggest player in Indian downstream oil & gun for hire sector and operates10 of Indias 21 refineries with refining content of 65. 7 MMTPA.Major ones are Panipat, Mathura, Guwahati, Gujrat, Haldia etc. Its products are Petrol, Diesel, LPG (Indane), ATF, lubri abidets, Naphtha, Kerosene etc. (1. 2. 1) Sector (India) IOCL voice Petroleum products 49% Refining condenser 37% Downstream pipelines 67% ? Guwahati Refinery Guwahati refinery is the primary public sector refinery of India commissioned in 1962. It had an initial capacity of 0. 75 MMTPA which wa s prolonged to 1 MMTPA in 1986. Guwahati Refinery receives the raw approximate from Oil India Limited & has a product line to Siliguri. Final products of Guwahati Refinery are labor spirit (MS), ATF, Kerosene, LPG, Diesels, Petroleum Coke Sulphur. Its an environmentally Conscious refinery with modern sewer water scheme treatment facilities, Stack gas monitoring, Products with nonindulgent environmental specifications like BS-3 & BS-4. Birla fetch of engineering & skill Pilani 333031 8 1. 3 output unit of measurementS ? Shown at a lower place in the table are the various production units of Guwahati refinery along with their use, hand & products(1. 3. 1) Unit Purpose Feed create CDU Separation of unmannered into useful products by distillation. Raw uncivilLPG , Naphtha, RCO, Kero-1 &2 DCU Thermal walkover to obtain useful products from higher ends RCO CK, CGO, CFO, RFO and RPC HGU Production of hydrogen Light Naphtha (LN) Hydrogen INDMAX FCC unit for maximizing LPG p roduction from residual stocks. CFO, CK, RCO LPG & gaseous state Quality improvement of Diesel, ATF by removing sulphur. SRGO, KERO 1 &2 BS 3 Diesel, ATF, SKO HDT up Octane No. of MS by Hydrotreating & isomerization LN Isomerate (MS) HDT off gases Elemental Sulphur _ _ use up water Effluent free water MSQU Recovering Sulphur SRU OM ETP utter(a) & product storage, Pumping & blendingTreatment of waste water to remove oil and suspended solids Birla embed of Technology & acquirement Pilani 333031 9 CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT Birla Institute of Technology & light Pilani 333031 10 2 CDU Process Description INTRODUCTION Crude distillation unit or CDU in short is first & most important unit for any refinery. Its called the Mother unit as its products forms the campaign of other units. CDU receives its perfect(a) from OM (oil movement and supply section) where it is supplied by Oil India Ltd from upper Assam oil fields. Incoming rude(a) has followers properties (2. 1. 1) retentionDen sity at 15 oC Water content table salt content(ppm) Sulphur content(ppm) Value 0. 8735 2. 05% 8. 7 0. 29 CDU olibanum stripes the rock oil into various products like kero1, kero2, centred bad-mannered oil, LPG, plodding gasoline and light gasoline victimization the distillation pattern of difference in boiling points. KEY FACTS ? ? ? Installed in 1962. Revamped and modernize in 1986 & 2000. Capacity of 1MMTPA provided currently processing 1. 3 MMTPA Its an atmospherical distillation unit (ATU) PROCESS DESCRIPTION A brief description of the different processes victorious place in CDU is given on next page (2. 1. 2) 1.Pre heat zilch train before Desalter Crude is handle by pumps P1/1A at a squash of 15 kg/cm2 through a series of heat exchangers where its temperature is fantastic to one hundred thirtyo C. Crude is gaining heat in these exchangers from pre fractionated overhead vapours(in s-26), RCO( in s-29), SR Kero1 etc. Birla Institute of Technology & light Pilan i 333031 11 2. Desalter Demulsifier mixed crude is ply at 130 o C to Desalter (v-101) where it is mixed with water through a mixing valve. The salt in crude dissolves in water and dislocated from the oil. Salt free crude on the other hand is wield to Pre-topping chromatography mainstay (CL-1) though 2 safety valves. 3.Pre-topping editorial (CL-1) The average temperature of crude before unveiling pretopping column is 238 oC (achieved through heat exchange). The shoot for of this column is to remove the straight run (SR) light gasoline and LPG from overhead and reduce the load on the main fractionating column. Shown at a lower place is the menses diagram of CDU(2. 1. 1) 4. atmospherical furnace (C 1 A) the crude coming from CL-1 bottom at 246 oC is fed to furnace. Furnace is fired by displace oil (FO), Fuel gas (FG) or a mix of both supplied by DCU. The crude coming out of the furnace has a temperature of around 354 oC and goes to the flash zone of main fractionators column . 5.Main Fractionators column (CL-2) Its the most important part of CDU. Cl-2 is where the actual distillation is taking place crude is separated into different products of different cut. Stripping stream enters at the bottom. The various subsystems of CL-1 are Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 12 a) Overhead system The overhead of the column of the water and the groovy rum Heavy accelerator (SRHG) are separated. b) Stripper column A discovery column (CL-3) is attached to the main fractionating column . Its function is to strip apart (separate) kero1, kero 2 and straight run gas oil coming from main fractionating column. ) CL-2 Bottom partition The remaining crude oil called as the reduced crude oil (RCO) comes out of the bottom of CL-2. RCO forms the feed of DCU 6. Light fluboline /Heavy artilleryoline Processing form Un-stabilised light gasoline from CDU pre-toping column is stabilized in the stabilizer where LPG is recovered from it piece heavy gasoline is split in the two naphtha splitter to separate LN (Light Naphtha), RN (Reformer Naphtha) and HN (Heavy Naphtha). The table under shows properties of the Products create in the CDU(2. 1. 2) LN TBP cut HN Kero 1 Kero 2 SRGO RCO 65-135 135-165 165-xcl 190-300 300-370 370+ 11. 27 4. 90 8. 16 12. 11 22. 16 9. 7 0. 731 0. 786 0. 806 0. 866 0. 866 0. 9542 revolve Yield (% of crude) Density Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 13 CDU PRE- rage TRAIN ( raise up EXCHANGE IN CDU) Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 14 3. 1 INTRODUCTION As we have seen the temperature of the Crude oil needs to increase to 354 oC in CDU. This section is a discussion on how this is achieved. Why Crude needs to be heated in CDU? The various components of crude oil have different sizes, weights and boiling temperatures. Crude Distillation Unit is used to strip this crude into various products using the difference in their boiling points.Therefore for distillation to take pla ce the temperature of the Crude has to be lordly to around 354 oC so that all the fractions of crude oil feces vaporize and get separated. How Temperature of Crude is increased in CDU? The Temperature increase of Crude oil consists of 2 major steps 1. A 3 Stage Heat exchange (called CDU pre-heat train) of crude with product streams at high temperatures using shell & tube type heat exchangers. This step results in crude existence supplied at 246 oC (elevated from ambient) to the next step The atmospheric Furnace. 2. The atmospheric furnace (C-1A) is then used to further elevate the temperature.Modes of heat manoeuver in furnace are both convective and radiative the crude coming out of the furnace has a temperature of around 354 oC and goes to the flash zone of main distillation column (CL-2). Furnace alone is non used because it would to too expensive and Energy consuming. By exchanging heat with products, the pre-heat train is inspection and repair twin purpose The Crude is be ing heated at the same the temperatures of product streams of SRGO, RCO, KERO is brought down which was needed for their storage. This heat would have otherwise been wasted. Our point of discussion in this report is the First step i. e. The Heat exchanger Network which we will now study in detail. Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 15 3. 2 crustal plate & TUBE arouse EXCHANGER The Pre heat train uses shell & tube type heat exchager for heat graft. ? It consist of two main things as its name implies eccentric & tube-shaped structures ? The shell is a walloping vas with a number of tubes in place it. ? The principle of operation Two unruffleds of different temperatures are brought into close contact but they are not mixing with each other. unrivalled fluid runs through the tubes, and another fluid fly the coops over the tubes (through the shell) to transfer heat betwixt the two fluids.The temperature of the two fluids will tend to equalize. The heat is si mply exchanged from one fluid to the other and vice versa. No energy is added or removed. Common types of shell and tube exchangers Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 16 3. 3 PRE-HEAT TRAIN Description Our point of discussion in this report is first step of the 2 stages used for raising the temperature of crude i. e. the Heat exchanger network in which heat transfer occurs between crude and product streams of RCO, SRGO, and Kero 1. This network is also called the CDU pre-heat train.In this process the temperature of the crude is elevated form ambient conditions at which it is supplied from OM to 246oC. The heat needed for this is coming from the product streams which are at high temperatures. Dual purpose is served in this way heating of crude as well as the chilling of product streams (needed for their storage). The pre-heat train is divided into trio sections on the basis of temperature of crude silklike through them 1. COLD section 2. middle section 3. HOT Section Shown below is the flow diagram of the CDU pre heat train (3. 3. 1) Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 17 1.Cold Section (before Desalter) The crude from battery limit is pumped by pumps P-1/1A at about 15. 8 Kg/cm2 through a preheat train where it is heated to a temperature of 130 ? C before unveiling the Desalter (V-101). The following table shows the shell nerve & tube locating streams of all exchanger in this section along with their inlet-outlet temperatures (3. 3. 2)money changer profit home plate thermionic vacuum tube amount of money surface sphere Heat province Temperature shell tube I O I O S-26 Gasoline Crude 300 x 1 2. 11 107 90 40 65 S-29 RCO Crude 171 x 1 0. 47 116 degree Celsius 54 60. 3 S-12A Crude Kero 2 148 x 1 0. 92 60. 3 72. 6 130 82 S-27A/B Crude SRGO 183 x 2 1. 39 72. 5 0. 3 173 85 S-7 Kero 2 Crude 93 x1 1. 48 199 130 90. 3 109 S-11A/B RCO Crude 134 x 3 1. 49 165 cxv 109 122 2. Mid Section (Between Desalter and pre-topping column) The crude from the Desalter is pumped by pump P-21 A/B and divided equally into 2 streams ( pack A & B) for further heating before submission the Pre-topping column. P-21A/B? Train A S-24, S-9A, S-23A/B, S-9B/C, S-22 CL-1 Train B S-4A/B, S-12B, S-25A/B The crude in train A is preheated by hot-streams of SR Gas Oil (in S-24), RCO (in S-9A, S-23A/B), SR Gas Oil (in S-9B/C), RCO (in S-22) to about 236 ? C. While the crude in Birla Institute of Technology & SciencePilani 333031 18 train B is preheated by SR kero circulating Reflux (CR) (in S-4A/B, S-12B) and RCO (in S-25A/B) to about 240 ? C. Desalted crude from both Train A and Train B streams are unite before entering the pre-topping column. Mixed preheat temperature doable is around 238 ? C at which it is fed to pre-topping Column. Below is the table showing heat exchangers of mid section (3. 3. 3) exchanger plate Service thermionic vacuum tube broad(a) playing area Surface Heat barter Temperature oC pulsate resistan ce I S-9A Desalted Crude RCO S-23A/B RCO S-9B/C SRGO S-22 RCO S-4A/B Desalted Crude Desalted Crude RCO S-24 S-12B S-25A/B O I O SRGO 0. 0 122 138 214 173 Desalted Crude Desalted Crude Desalted Crude Desalted Crude Kero CR 149 x 1 0. 61 184 195 138 152 148 x 2 1. 93 241 184 153 195 82 x 2 0. 54 272 214 195 218 149 x 1 0. 91 320 296 218 236 148 x 2 1. 67 122 161 190 164 Kero CR 148 x 2 1. 8 161 198 216 190 Desalted Crude 113. 15 x 2 2. 0 297 283 228 223 3. Hot Section (At CL-1 Bottom) The top crude from CL-1 bottoms is pumped by pumps P-2/2A to exchangers S16/S-9D in series, where it is heated by SR Gas Oil Circulatory ebbing. It then passes to exchanger number S-11C and further to S-21 where it is heated by Reduced Crude Oil (RCO) to about 246?C. At this Temperature pre topped crude enters Atmospheric furnace (C-1A). The table on next page gives details about every heat exchanger in this section (3. 3. 4). Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 19 Exchanger Service pose bring area Surface Heat Duty Tube Temperature oC collection plate Tube I S-16/9D SRGO CR S-21 RCO S-11C RCO Skimmed crude Skimmed crude Skimmed crude O I O 186 x 2 2. 16 291 250 197 257 175 x 1 0. 61 336 320 239 246 134 x 3 1. 49 336 320 239 246 Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 20 HEAT EXCHANGER PERFORMANCE CALCULATION Birla Institute of Technology & SciencePilani 333031 21 4. 1 critical HEAT EXCHANGER The critical heat exchangers are identified as the ones whose surgical procedure has a major impact on heat exchange rate, Production rate, product quality or environmental and wellness issues. Problem or inefficiency in any of the critical exchanger has a ascetical effect on overall heat exchange process occurring in the crude distillation unit. The engineers need to see that these exchangers are working efficiently for smooth track of the process (Though efficiency monitoring is important for every exchanger but the most attention has to be paid for Critical heat exchangers).Criteria for Classification 1. Fouling is accumulation of undesirable material of heat exchanger surface is called fouling. Fouling is inevitable in heat exchanger but certain heat exchangers are more prone to fouling than others. These exchangers foul in short intervals and need to be cleaned frequently. Their veritable(a) maintenance is very necessary for the heat exchange process. E. g. is S-11/C in hot section is prone to frequent fouling. 2. Large surface area Some heat exchanger have a very large heat transfer area which means they have a large contribution in add up heat exchange taking place.Their inefficiency or by-passing them would have a vital effect of final crude temperature. For example S-23 A/B in the mid section of heat exchanger trains. 3. Single heat exchanger in line If a heat exchanger is single heat exchanger in the line like the one used in circulating reflux then it cannot be stopped or by-passed. For any maintenance work on them t he whole unit has to shut down. Example is S16/9D. In next section the basic act measurement calculations like heat, Duty, LMTD, Heat transfer coefficient is done for some of these critical heat exchangers. Birla Institute of Technology & SciencePilani 333031 22 4. 2 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS Examples This section analyzes the performances of some main heat exchangers of pre-heat train through calculation of simple performance measurement tools like Heat duty, LMTD & Heat transfer coefficient. The definitions & formulas for these tools can be found in glossary at the end of the report. 1) S-25 A/B ? Type demolish & tube ? Section Mid ? Properties Exchanger no. S-25A/B Service Shell No. of passes Shell Tube Tube RCO Desalted Crude 1 2 full Surface area Heat Sq. M x no. of Duty element 113. 15 x 2 2. 0 (4. 2. 1) ? Design Data Shell 54554 55454 296 241 (I) (O) 49. (uncorrected) Total flow (Kg/h) Operating temperature (? C) LMTD (? C) Tube 77586 77586 197. 7 240. 5 (I) (O) 47. 1 (correcte d) (4. 2. 2) ? Practical data Mass flow rate (RCO) = 59187. 5 Kg/hr S-25A/B Service Temperature, C Shell Tube game M Shell side I 297. 5 O 283. 7 Tube side I O 231. 9 245 Nov 11 Exchanger No. 263 253 198 RCO crude 203 (4. 2. 3) ? Calculations 1. Heat Duty (design) M*Cp*(Ti To) = 2002813. 7 Kcal/hr Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 23 2. Heat Duty (practical) 559336 Kcal/hr 3. Correction factor for LMTD (practical) 1. 01 4. LMTD (practical) 52. 12 (uncorrected), 51. 7(corrected) ? card The practical heat transfer of 559336 Kcal/hr is much lower than the design heat duty of 2002813. 7 Kcal/hr. ? Conclusions 1. The exchanger is not working efficiently 2. out-of-pocket to fouling the temperature difference across the crude side is low which is reducing the total heat exchange in the exchanger. Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 24 2) S-11/C ? Type Shell & tube ? Section Hot ? Properties Its a critical heat exchanger because of the frequent fouli ng Service Exchanger no. Shell Tube S-11C RCO PreDesalter No. of passes Shell Tube 1 2 Total Surface area Sq. m x no. of lement 134 x 3 Heat Duty 1. 49 (4. 2. 4) ? Design data Shell Tube Total flow (Kg/h) 54554 55454 155171 Operating temperature (? C) 336 (I) 320 (O) 239 (I) LMTD (? C) _ 1551 71 246 (O) _ (4. 2. 5) ? Practical data Mass flow rate 59871. 5 Exchanger No. S-11C Service Shell Tube RCO Skimmed Crude pip M Nov 11 Temperature, C Shell side Tube side I O I O 327 315 257. 8 263 330. 2 275 231 255 (4. 2. 6) Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 25 ? Calculations 1. Heat Duty (design) M*Cp*(Ti To) = 6295320 Kcal/hr 2. Heat Duty (practical) 597382. 7 Kcal/hr 3. Correction factor for LMTD(practical) = 0. 75 4. LMTD (practical) 82. 84 (uncorrected), 80. 79(corrected) ? Observations Heat transfer at present is 597382. 7 Kcal/hr which is tolerable as compared to design heat transfer of 6295320. ? Conclusions The present performance of the heat exchanger is satisfa ctory as compared to design. This little mutation in the design heat duty and practical heat duty is imputable to variation in value of Cp of RCO with temperature. Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 26 3) S-23A/B ? Type Shell & Tube ? Section Mid (Train A) ? Properties It is an critical heat exchager becase of its large heat transfer areaService Total Surface area No. of passes Shell Tube Shell Tube (Sq. m x no. of element) RCO Desalted Crude 1 2 148 x 2 Heat Duty 1. 93 (4. 2. 7) ? Design Data Property Shell Tube Total Flow (Kg/h) Temperature (? C) I 54554 241. 0 O 54554 184. 0 I 77585 152. 70 O 77585 195. 0 Specific Heat (Kcal/kg-? C) 0. 646 0. 597 0. 566 0. 617 LMTD (? C) 38. 21 35. 6 (4. 2. 8) ? Practical data Mass flow rate (RCO) = 59187. 5 Kg/hr Temperature C Service Shell RCO Tube crude Shell side beam M Nov 11 Tube side I 260. 2 O 230 I 145. 7 O 178. 8 253 230 142 one hundred sixty (4. 2. 9) Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 27 Calcu lations 1. Heat Duty (design) M*Cp*(Ti To) = 1932602. 7 Kcal/hr 2. Heat Duty (practical) 1161000. 7 Kcal/hr 3. Correction factor 4. LMTD (practical) (uncorrected), (corrected) ? Observations The practical heat transfer of 1161000. 7 Kcal/hr is much lower than the design heat duty of 1932602. 7. The value of LMTD on the other hand is actually higher in case of practical situation ? Conclusions The heat exchanger is not working efficiently. Due to fouling the temperature difference across the crude side is low which is reducing the total heat exchange in the exchanger even after having a high LMTD value.Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 28 HEAT desegregation Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 29 4. 1 HEAT integrating Introduction In Todays process industries like Guwahati refinery increasing energy efficiency is of prime importance. With the rising be of input like crude, power the process has to be designed to have uttermost energy recovery so as to reduce the costs. Heat integration is one of the ways to achieve this. 1. MEANING Heat integration is technique for designing a process to minimise energy consumption and maximise heat recovery.Its part of the broader term Process integration which is a holistic approach to process design which emphasizes the unity of the process and considers the interactions between different unit operations from the outset, rather than optimising them separately. 2. NEED FOR HEAT INTEGRATION Heat integration can lead to substantial reduction in the energy requirements of a process thus save costs. Its the answer to following questions ? Are the brisk processes as energy efficient as they should be? ? What changes can be make to increase energy efficiency without incurring any costs? What is the most important utility mix for the process? What investments can be made to increase energy efficiency? ? How to put energy efficiency & other targets like emission reduction, increasing forget capacity into one coherent strategic plan? 3. TOOLS FOR HEAT INTEGRATION ? coerce Analysis The term soupcon technology was introduced by Linnhoff to represent a set of thermodynamics base tools that that guarantee minimum energy levels in design of heat exchanger networks. Pinch Technology provides a systematic methodological analysis for energy saving in processes & total sites. Its prime objective is to provide energy saving by better process heat integration. Here are some of its key featuresBirla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 30 1. Based on the first and second law of thermodynamics. 2. Pinch analysis is applicable for both new design as well as the render systems. 3. It was developed for crude distillation systems but is now applicable to large number of process industries. 4. In addition to energy conservation Pinch technology provides oecumenical improvements 5. Some famous Pinch softwares are Pinch ExpressTM, Aspen PinchTM & SuperTargetTM ? render an alysis Retrofit analysis is done to in old process processes to see what modifications suggested by pinch analysis are most adapted for the project.It looks into the optimization of the process through energy capital trade off. In oil refining, retrofit designs are far more common than grass root applications. The retrofit targets are preferably achieved by re-using existing equipment more efficiently rather than installing new equipments and incurring new costs. 4. travel IN HEAT INTEGRATION Shown below are the different steps of heat integration (5. 1. 1) Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 31 5. 2 HEAT INTEGRATION IN CDU 1. IMPORTANCE OF HEAT INTEGRATION IN CDU Distillation is the largest single energy consumer in the Refinery.Large section of oil is fatigued in fuelling the CDU itself. It is energy intensive process as the temperature of the crude has to be elevated to a high temperature of 354 oC. This increase in temperature is achieved by exchanging heat in various heat exchangers between crude and streams of RCO, SR Gasoline, Kero 2 etc which are at high temperature. Heat integration focuses on achieving maximum energy recovery from these streams through an optimized HEN so that the crude can be supplied at highest possible temperature to the furnace, thus saving energy.A recent development in distillation technology has shown potential savings of up to 15-40 % through the heat? integrated exchanger network (pre-heat train) & distillation column. 2. HEAT INTEGRATION AT CDU GUWAHTI REFINEY What has been done? 1. The basis of heat integration in heat exchange process is putting process hot streams in thermal contact with process cold streams. We have already seen how product hot streams of RCO, SRGO etc at high temperature are used to exchange heat with the crude oil at low temperature. 2.Designing of an Optimized Heat Exchanger Network in pre-heat train using heat integration tools like pinch analysis & retrofit analysis in July 20 10. This design allows maximum energy heat recovery. What can be done? 1. Using heat integrated distillation columns. HIDC can save energy by recovering excess heat from the rectifying section for usage in the stripping section. Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani 333031 32 2. see the interactions of HEN and distillation column and applying combined heat integration for whole unit.